The collapse of the Mpororo kingdom
The collapse of the Mpororo kingdom at the end of the 18th century led to a power vacuum in south Kigezi that resulted in unopposed migrations from the south. Bakiga migrations of mid 19th century northwards displaced the Bashambo from Mpororo and was then renamed Rukiga. Bazigaaba and Bashengera pastoralists went north to Rujumbura after the Basigi influx in the 1880s. At the end of the 19th century there were also conflicts between the Basigi, Bakongwe and the Batwa west of Lake Bunyonyi combined with famines and land shortages as the fertile lands around the lake were much sought after. Each clan was ruled by leaders who were rain makers, medicine men, warriors or wise elders; meanwhile Nyabingi grew in power. In the north around Kinkiizi there were many Bakiga migrants though they faced opposition from the Congolese Bahunde from 18th century who were significant there and Kayonza up to the time of Ntokibiiri, the last great Bahunde leader. In Rujumbura there were few Bak